Compensation and Benefit Systems n Dominos Pizza in the US Essay

Compensation and Benefit Systems n Dominos Pizza in the US - Essay Example The company chosen for this paper is Domino’s Pizza as this is one of the world biggest companies of pizza production and delivery. The company was founded in the USA in 1960 by Tom Monaghan. Since that time Domino’s Pizza Company became one of the leading fast food delivery companies in the world: â€Å"We have been delivering quality, affordable pizza to our customers since 1960 when brothers Thomas and James Monaghan borrowed $900 and purchased a small pizza store in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Since that time, our store count and geographic reach have grown substantially†. Domino’s Pizza combines some methods of international expansion and development, but there are some most effective ones which provide the best penetration to the international markets. Compensation and benefit systems of Domino’s Pizza in the United States are tightly connected with its methods of international expansion. The most important parts of the system are licensing and franc hising: â€Å"We have developed a large, global, diversified and committed franchise network that is a critical component of our system-wide success and our leading position in pizza delivery. As of March 21, 2004, our franchise store network consisted of 6,878 stores, 63% of which were located in the contiguous United States†. This system has doubtless advantages namely for such global international company as Domino’s Pizza. The franchise system allows minimizing such negative barriers of international expansion as a language barrier, local governmental measures and the registration of a trademark.trademark. The system also provides the adaptation of Domino’s Pizza rights and regulations to the cultural differentiations of various countries. Domino’s Pizza quick service restaurants in different countries are not a wholly subsidiary of Domino Pizza Company (like McDonald’s in the UK). They are based on Franchising Agreement with Domino’s Pi zza International, Inc. A franchisee must have appropriate local market, business strategies and experience knowledge. Through well developed franchising system Domino’s Pizza Company gains constant royalty payments which allow the company to develop and expand to international markets. The growth and benefit of Domino’s Pizza is mainly provided by its franchising system development and royalty payments from numerous stores throughout the world. This system provides competitive compensation and appropriate benefit for the company: â€Å"All the other HR processes and systems, like competitive compensation, appropriate benefits and providing a learning environment, add to that† (Whitney K., 2005). The company has chosen the most appropriate method of international expansion. Domino’s Pizza makes franchising agreements with appropriate firms working in relevant market segments and having local market features knowledge. This mode of international expansion protects Domino’s Pizza from superfluous financial costs connected with wholly owned subsidiaries. To increase franchisee compensation and benefit and support the brand image of Domino’s Pizza, the company provides different kinds of franchisee supporting programs. The training course gives appropriate knowledge of Domino’s Pizza functioning, its rules and policy, as well as other relevant elements of Domino’s Pizza business. One of the most important moments in Domino’s Pizza international expansion is franchisees attraction as franchising and licensing system is the key-point mode of Domino’s Pizza international market entry and development. For attracting new franchisees

Multi-Perspective Approach to Understanding Organization Essay Example for Free

Multi-Perspective Approach to Understanding Organization Essay What are the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-perspective approach to understanding organization? In answering the question you will need to engage with the nature of the various perspectives and how they enable and limit our understanding of organization. There are different ways in how people produce different knowledge and thus many people have come out with their own concepts and theories. This results in multiple perspectives that help to generate idea about different organization and organizing. The more knowledge of multiple perspectives, concepts and theories, the greater will be your capacity to choose a better approach with regards to the problems faced in your current company. Multi perspective is created as belief, assumptions and knowledge of the world influence how researchers carry out their research and manage their organization. What you do is to assume which approach does best for your industries and organization and for that you design and amend accordingly to be the best way to of optimizing man power and profit. The benefits of a multi-perspective approach would be (cited from page 11) multiple perspectives will also help organization embrace complexity and uncertainty and their contradictory demands. Managers and employees now are expected to do more with less, to maximize both short term gain and long term investment, and be more efficient as well as more humane and ethical. By confronting such a variety of contradictory forces demands the broadest set of concept and theories that your mind can grasp. Secondly, people raised question about the nature of ethical action and manager’s face when trying to act in socially and organization responsible ways. The advantages of using multiple perspective helps people aware of the assumption and values underlying your theory and practices, which in turn should make you more conscious of your reason for doing things and better able to understand the reason behind the action taken by others. Being able to reflect on your own reasoning process a nd compare them you will develop ethical awareness. Thirdly, if you learn about multiple perspective, you will be able to understand how different perspectives influence the way you and others experience by interpreting and shape organization realities. You will become a more effective member of any organization to join. Let me evaluate with the two important philosophical choices of ontology and epistemology. Ontology concerns our assumtion about reality which you dont question whether all this things are real or have an existence undependent because of you (cited from pg12) pjilosphers sometimes refers to these as existential question because they attribute existence to one set of things(reality) but not to another (unreal). Which means that you carry out task upon your own perspective only, while you disregard other perspective. The disadvantages will be it will lead to arguments between those who maintain different perspectives and cause them to set up seperate and conflicting mates. This is a major concerns as people have been always living in their own world and never care of other peoples feeling which causes conflict around their organization and families. People experience different things as what they do everyday or even their personalities are different from other peoople we call this term subjectivist. Whereas Objectivist is different, theybelieve that what reality exist independently of those who lives in it, people also reacted to what is happening around them in predictable ways because their behaviour is part of the material world in which they live is determined by causes (cited from page 12). Example, if you are hoping to own a european car and the behaviour in which you have to work hard to pay for it is determined by wanting to own the car. Epistemology whereas is concerned with knowing how you can know. Epistemology is closely related to ontology because the anwsers to there questions depend on and help to forge assumptions about the nature of reality. This two terms determined the three major multiple perspective approach to understanding organisation. Usually the three multiple perspectives can be comparable using these two variables ontology and epistemology. Modernism is usually objectivism, you must limit commit to limiting what you count as knowledge to what you can know through your five senses. Results can be taken again if steps of the procedure is followed again using the five senses and the respective sense-enhancing devices. Modernist organization theorist also believes that if they can get whole of the complete knowledge by understanding how and why organisations function the way they do and how their function is influence by different environment conditions. Therefore to get a modernist perspective effective organisation is to being able to balace internal and external pressures, develop core competencies, increase efficiency and versertile to changes. The theories that influence modernist are general system theory, socio-technical systems theory and contingency theory. General system theory is to understand and grasp the concept of system and it characteristics of the company, which it can also mutually interrelated into parts called subsystem for easier understanding of each process. By using differentiation it provides the system with the benefits of specialization. To put into simpler terms a organisation if want to use the general system theory, that means that they will divide the units and departments and each department with the benefits of specialization. For socio-technical theory, they focus on a number of humanistic issues, by treating organisation as a social system, the social and psychological consequence of work design, the importance of the work group compared to the individual and the need for a division of labour that considers increasing rather than decreasing the variety of work skills and task. Socio-technical theory also suggest that self-managed teams should be the building blocks of organizational design and that could lessen the need for hierarchy form of organisation. Whereas for contingency theory, theorist will try to identify the key contingencies in each situation and try to determine the best fits between them, this theory have remain very popular among companies because they take seductive form of recipes for success.

Rmb Appreciation On Chinas Import And Export Economics Essay

Rmb Appreciation On Chinas Import And Export Economics Essay Introduction Money is an important factor in peoples life. Similarly, the currency also plays a significant role for the countries economy , particularly for the import and export trade among the countries. The exchange rate is an important factor for economic balance adjustment in an open economy,the exchange rate policy not only can be used to adjust trade flow and trade balance,but also can be used to adjust the trade structure.Historically,the developing country normally use the depreciation currency as the competitive advangtage in the early stages of development.However, the exchange rate adjustment on the import and export trade is conditional,whether the change of exchange rate can affect trade or not which depend on rate transmission mechanism.China has been focusing on the role of the exchange since its reform and opening up,after several major exchange rate adjustments, exchange rate movements has been an important role to reverse the trade deficit and change the unfavorable situation of trade in china. In recent years,most of the countries were carrying on the exchange rate reform, adjusting the domestic currency on the foreign exchange rate, seeking some more development opportunities for the countrys economy and the import-export trade. As we know,Chinas currency-RMB plays a significant role in the worlds economy. On July 21, 2005, the Chinese government announced on the exchange rate system will be reformed, abolishes the exchange rate system which fixed on u.s. dollar, and implements the management floating exchange rate system. From October 31, 2007, the RMB changed exchange rate tagainst US dollar revalued from 8.1100 to 7.4692 at the same day which announcement of the reformation of exchange rate, until to the record low 6.7899 recently, RMB has experienced many transformations in the several years. At the same time, the RMB appreciation has also had many influences to chinese peoples normal life. For several years, people always discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exchange rate reformation, especially for the potential influence of the chinas import and export trade.,for example:textile,clothing,toys which is labor-intensive and meager profit. So far, exchange reform had been through more than two years, there was a lot of influence for each aspect of chinese economy caused by exchange reformation. This article will studies the reasons for the RMB appreciation and the development of chinas import and export trade, and discuss the influence and solution of RMB appreciation on chinas import and export trade. Chapter 1 The overview and relationship with the RMB appreciation and import and export trade The RMB appreciation,it means the Yuans exchange rate against foreign currencies has been decreased.In recent years,china has been through continuous adjustment of RMB exchange rate policy to stimulate the RMB appreciation.Meanwhile,on the whole world situation,the exchange rate of dollar against euro is also increase continuously,and other countries currency rate have also been adjusted during these years. Import and export trade is a business which different countries (and/or region)exchange different goods and services with each other.Import and export trade is the international transfer of goods and services.Import and export trade is composed by two parts of the import trade and exports trade.Import and export trade is a countrys trade method of external sales of domestic products and buy or exchange goods from and other countries.It is a necessary trade means between the different countries.The country can export the goods which have their own countries advantage,and import the goods from other countries that they do not have the production advantages,thus to achieve a equal supply and demand relationship When a countrys currency appreciate,this currencys position will be changed in the world market at same time.If one currency exchange rate has benn changed against with other countries currency, directly affects the trend of import and export trade between the two countries.then the export and import trade trends would be changed between the two countries,which making a direct change in the value of imports and exports between the two countries. When the currency appreciate,if the price of N unit commodity is N before,then the pirce is N+ or N- after the appreciation.Meanwhile, the number of import or export goods quantity is M in the past,corresponding to become M+ or M- now.It can be seen intuitively:the currency appreciation has caused the amount of currency and goods changed in a direct way during the import and export trade.As a price ratio between one currency and another currency,the influence of exchange rate appreciation or depreciation will be directly transmitted to the import and export of goods service and price,which will affect the size and growth rate of imports and exports. In general, the currency appreciation is conducive to expand import,inhibit the export;and the currency depreciation is conducive to increase exports,decrease imports. Because there are many factors can affect the volume and price on a countries import and export trade,for example,the major trade partners economic outlook,market demand and supply,financial and price situation,the national trade and investment policies(such as export tax rebates,interest rates,quota and license management, etc.)changes,and other supply or demand elasticity factors,therefore, short-term fluctuations of the exchange rates impact on exports and imports are usually not large.But if the exchange rate has changed to one direction in a long period, hen the impact on the export and import growth will be significantly demonstrated. The exchange rate are free floating in many countries.However,the most mature economies are ofter try to maintain their exchange rate stablely.If the exchange rate fluctuate too much,then it is difficult to control the costs in the transaction for importers and exporters,which is not good for import and export trade. In the past 20 years,Chinas RMB exchange rate have had a few adjustments,but has maintained stable generally,which has provided a good condition for the import and exports steady growth.In 1994,the first exchange rate reform has made RMB exchange rate back to a reasonable level.Since then,the government has implement a managed floating policy for RMB exchange rate,and floating direction is upward basically.In the middle of 1995, the RMB against the U.S. dollar has appreciated nearly 4.5 percentage, and Chinas imports and exports trade has grew rapidly during these period,exports began to appear large surplus.After the Asian financial crisis 1997,because the Chinese government promised RMB would not depreciate,the RMB has appreciated at least 15% against a basket of currencies.By the influence of financial crisis and the real exchange rate appreciation,Chinas export growth rate has decreased a lot,and trade surplus reduce at the same period.Since then,the RMB began to lock on U.S doll ar for a long term.After 2002, Chinas imports and exports began to grow again.Throughout these 20 years,we can find that whenever there was a substantial change in the exchange rate,import and export growth rate will appear a significant growth or slow down in this period.However, Chinas import and export has grew rapidly,especially in the last six years,and the growth are mainly depend on some factors such as the internal and external markets demand and supply,industrial transfer and progress, the competitiveness promotion and foreign trade policy and institutional.Some Chinese and other countries scholars have used several mathematical models to analysis the influence of RMB appreciation on Chinas import and export of,although they obtained different data results,but most think that there is a certain relevance between RMB real exchange rate fluctuations and import and export trade.When the appreciation and depreciation rate is lower than 5%,the impact of the exchange rate on expo rts and imports is not significant.But appreciation or depreciation arte of RMB is large,the effect will be large relatively.Impact range is generally 1:0.5-0.8.[1] In other words, the RMB revaluate 10 percent,export growth rate should slow down 5-8 percent by this appreciation effect,and imports growth rate should speed up 5-8 percentage points in general. According to the experience of several changes in the nominal exchange rate and real exchange in the past years in china,and consider the effects of supply and demands elasticity is very low for Chinas import and export commodities,a greater proportion of processing trade,the obvious advantage of industry concentration degree,the level of productivity and management continued to improve,the export advantage product still have much price space to negotiate and other factors,the write estimates the actual impact of RMB appreciation levels (factor) on export and import might be lower, should be in the range 1:0.3-0.4,which means if RMB appreciate every 10 percent,and export growth rate will be slow down by 3-4 percentage points by this effect,the growth rate of imports in should speed up 3-4% in general. Chapter 2 The influence of RMB Appreciation on Chinas Import and Export Growth The influence of exchange rate movements on export trade is mainly through the price adjustment mechanism conduction, but there are the many factors can effect this mechanism transmission.In china,the processing trade is always after imports raw material and machinery equipment,which produced in China again and then re-export, therefore, there is a large proportion of import raw materials in the processing trade, and this is also because the current stage of economic development caused in china.But with the upgrading of industrial structure in China and the rapid development of basic industries, the needs of raw materials in export products,components and semi-finished products will be produced by more chinese domestic manufacturers, and the adjustment of the exchange rate will also have some expansion effect on the export trade.The impact of currency appreciation on exports are: When the production of export goods are produced by their own countrys raw materials and the situation of the currency is devaluating in domestic country, the currency exchange rate appreciation would significantly increase the price of export commodities, resulting in reduced export;if the value of currency is stable in domestic country, the currency appreciation would lead to increasing the price of the foreign currency of export commodities, resulting in reduced the amount of the exports goods;but if the value of domestic currency appreciate,wthether the export price of foreign currency rise or not,and the scope size of rise are caused by both of the rate of domestic currency appreciation which make the local price of exports goods decrease, and the range of rising of foreign currency import prices as the appreciation domestic currency,.If the former is larger than the latter, then the exports will increase; if the former is equal to the latter, then there is no affect on export; if the former is lower than the latter, the amount of export good will be reduced.However,When the raw m aterials of production come from overseas, the relationship between the impact of currency appreciation on exports and the proportion of imports raw materials in export production is inversely,if the proportion is large, then the effect of reducing export caused by exchange rate appreciation will be small,vice versa. Since chinas exchange rate mechanism has reformed on 21 July 2005, the exchange rate of RMB has appreciated cumulatively 11.4% to U.S. dollar, 8.2% to the euro, 9.7% against the Japanese Yen,and appreciated 11.5% to the Hong Kong dollar until 15 November 2007. If according to the weighted average of the amount of Chinas foreign trade, then the appreciation of weighted RMB exchange rate is probably 6.1%,and the annual appreciation rate is less than 3%. So far, under the situation which RMB has not appreciated too much,there is no big fluctuation for Chinas import and export.The author has collected the quarter of import and export data form 2005 to 2007,(see table below). In 2006, Chinas total exports grew 27.2% than the previous year, and the rate of growth has dropped 1.2% against 2005; the amount of import grew 20.0%,and rate of growth increased 2.4 than previous year,respectively.From January to October in 2007,Chinas export grew 26.5%, almost the same as last year; and the imports grew 19.8% which dropped 1.1% compared to the same period last year. The main reason of recession of export speed-up against the previous two years is that the Chinese government has increased the resource tax for the part of resources export commodities, adjusted tax reimbursement for export and policy of processing trade,.as both of the Chinese domestic investment demand and the prices of resource imports products has improved, so there was a sligh t increase in the import growth rate. Quarterly growth of import and export since RMB appreciation Unit:100 million U.S. dollars Month Export Import Amount Compared to the same period last year Amount Compared to the same period last year Third Quarter 2007 2040.5 29.1 1753.1 19.6 Fourth Quarter 2007 2156.4 21.7 1821.2 22.2 First Quarter 2008 1972.7 26.6 1739.4 24.8 Second Quarter 2008 2313.5 24.1 1933.9 18.4 Third Quarter 2008 2627.5 28.8 2140.2 22.1 Fourth Quarter 2008 2780.8 29.0 2103.3 15.5 First Quarter 2009 2520.1 27.7 2056.4 18.2 Second Quarter 2009 2946.6 27.4 2285.6 18.2 Third Quarter 2009 3315.6 26.2 2583.4 20.7 Fourth Quarter 2009 3612.3 29.2 2681.7 27.5 Data source: Customs statistics According to the different countrys which do international trade with china,except the growth rate of export to Japan has been sluggish in recent years, the exports trade from China to European Union United States, Hong Kong and other staple market grows strongly,and imports trade grows steady. According to the customs statistics from January to September in 2009,the export growth rate from China to EU and ASEAN grows fast which is more than 30% in the top 5 largest trading partners, and is 10%,15% and 20% higher than to Hong Kong, the United States and Japan,respectively, In addition to strong economic growth in the EU and the ASEAN,it is also because RMB appreciated not too much against the EURO,obviously. Meanwhile,there is no big difference of imports growth rate for the countries which import production from china these years, shows that the impact for import of these countries from china is limited caused by RMB appreciation.Overall, if we can take out other factors, the influe nce of small RMB appreciation on the import and export can be ignored. From January to September 2009, the trade between China and other main countries Unit:100 million U.S. dollars National or Regional Export Growth ¼Ã‹â€ % ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Import Growth ¼Ã‹â€ % ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° European Union 1755.2 30.8 806.2 21.7 United States 1699.9 15.8 513.7 15.1 Japan 739.8 11.1 979.6 16.3 ASEAN 674.8 31.7 790.5 21.5 Hong Kong,China 1322.2 21.6 92.3 15.6 Data source: Customs statistics According to the report from import and export enterprises,although they may feel some pressure from small appreciation of RMB, but generally the customer would consider a certain of RMB appreciation factors when they sign for the export contracts.They still concerned more about market trends and export tax rebates, and other policy changes.However,the import enterprises feel that there is not too much stimulation for imports on the small RMB appreciation,which is so small influence compared to the change of real price of imported goods. If the RMB exchange rate continued to appreciate slowly,the total impact on Chinas export and import growth will be still limited. First of all,the world economy continues to grow steadily,the investment and consumption are still hot in China,both of the domestic demand and external demand of china are quite strong which influence Chinese economy much more than the changes of RMB exchange rate; Secondly,the processing occupies nearly half proportion of Import and Export, and this part of imports and exports does not effected by the exchange rate changes; Third, enterprise and market has prepared to take the pressure from RMB appreciation;Fourth, the improve of industrial technology and labor productivity could be offset some influence on the RMB appreciation, making the export cost do not rise quickly;Fifth, China has the comprehensive competitiveness which could make the processing export industry can not be replaced easily by other countries in the short period, and making china al so has the pricing power in some kind s of the export products. Under some market pressures,if exchange rate of RMB against the U.S. dollar appreciate more than 10% in the end of 2010,and trade-weighted exchange rate increased over 15% at the same time,then there will be a significant impact on chinas exports and imports,and it will be difficult for Chinese company to export some low value-added goods or some exports products which depend on low-cost competition,but the competitiveness of imported goods would be increased.In this regard, every import and export company concern about exchange rate. According to the data(coefficient) of change of RMB exchange rate which has been calculated above, the growth rate of import may be 3% to 5% higher than in 2008 and 2009,but the growth rate of exports may be 4% to 6% lower than in 2008 and 2009.Foreign trade on GDP growth,and the pulling effect of foreign trade on GDP growth from will be under a certain influence,but this effect will be still under an affordable range.Unless the major turmoil or crisis occurs again,or there will not appear the situation which the amount of export decrease sharply like in 1998s Asian financial crisis . In the long run,through the transmission and regulation of prices,RMB appreciation will cause different influence on the growth rate of import and export, commodity structure,trade patterns and the trade-related investment in China. 2.1 The beneficial effect of of RMB appreciation on foreign trade growth Firstly,The RMB appreciation can improve the trade conditions. With the trade surplus increase rapidly, Chinas terms of trade are deteriorating in recent years. A survey report from Commerce Department shows that from 1998 to 2008 the overall terms of trade index of china has decreased by 13% as the 2003 is base period. Which terms of trade of manufacture fell by 14%, primary products decreased by 2%.The export price index and imported goods price index are 104.7 ,109.7 in 2008,respectively.Terms of trade index is 95.4% in 2008 which is lower than 98.8% in 2007.This means that the rate of Chinas export prices of import prices is falling, so china must export more goods as to exchange for the same amount of imported goods,and loss national welfare during the foreign trade.In recent years, Chinese government leads the investment in fixed assets always staying at a high level. The proportion of Imported energy and raw materials, primary products,high-tech chemical products, machinery an d transport equipment, manufactured goods increased sharply.Recent years, the unit dollar price of most of the primary products,capital,and technology-intensive products have increased a lot.From 1998 to 2008, the import price index rose by 19%, which manufactures increased by 20%, primary products increased by 16% in China. Meanwhile,the rapidl development of Chinese economy has led import demand increase fast,and caused the price of international material and technology-intensive products rise,further caused the term of trade worse. RMB appreciation will lower prices of imported goods,especially lower the price of raw materials and high-tech equipment,then companies will introduce the technology faster,improve production efficiency, carry on more product replacement and achieve products upgrade quicker than before.At the same time, because most imports will used to be re-exported,and with the improve of enterprise productivity and export product quality,it is helpful for extending the Chinese enterprises from low-end products chain to high-end chain,improving the terms of trade simultaneously. This will help chinas enterprise using world resource better and increase the national welfare.Overall,it will enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese products. Secondly,the RMB appreciation can optimize the commodity structure of foreign trade. At present, Chinas trade structure is very irrational, most of enterprises are labor-intensive and with low technology, the only port of high-tech and deep processed export products are still have some short processing and low value-added problems, and real high-tech equipment and intermediate inputs are still imported from other countries, and nearly 80% of profit not belong to the chinas re-produced enterprise.However,The RMB appreciation would reduce the cost of enterprises independent development,promote the technological upgrading indirectly,enhance their core competitiveness, thus accelerate the pace of industrial upgrading, promote export structure adjustment. Thirdly,RMB appreciation will increase the wages of worker,which will make it easier for attracting high-tech employee.under the independent innovation and technological promotion in China,the foreign entrepreneur will choose to invest high tech industry first, so that Chinas industrial structure and export commodity structure will be optimized.The next point is that the RMB appreciation will help Chinese enterprises for promoting the oversea investment.As the enterprise must use the local currency so that they can invest in other countries,so RMB appreciation reduces the cost of oversea investment significantly, and enhance the enterprises international purchasing power and foreign investment capacity, create the condition for those enterprises who wants to develop their business. Finally,RMB appreciation will make service industry and service trade develop better,then the low value-added,poor management,and low efficiency enterprise would be kicked out effectively.It also change the situation which industry (mainly the second industry) aggregate most of the resources, , thus contributing to change Chinas industrial structure to service industry easily and promote service industry develop rapidly,then make coordinated development of service trade and merchandise trade come to ture,and improve the competitiveness of whole country in the end.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2 The adverse effects of of RMB appreciation on foreign trade growth RMB appreciation, it means the amount of Yuan exchanged form U.S. dollar will be less and less, then for the exporter,it is the same theory that the amount of Yuan exchanged from one U.S. dollar goods is less than before because of RMB appreciation.Therefore, there will be a certaion influence on the profits of exporter. If from importers angle,the amount of Yuan to purchase one U.S. dollar goods is decreasing,so the cost of imports drop, and profits rise. However,because industry and cost structure are different,we need to distinguish the adverse impacts of RMB appreciation on different export enterprises.The growth of resource commodities, part of the staple agricultural products and low value-added manufactured exports slow down or even fall,there would be some adverse effects on the income for export agricultural farmers and part of low-skilled workers.Some large-scale complete sets of equipment needs 5-10 years from contract to delivery,and the payment time may be longer.If the RMB maintain appreciation trend in a long-term,it is difficult for enterprise to predict the long-term exchange rate,however the financial institution only provide foreign exchange hedging instrument in one year generally,so the enterprise has to undertake more exchange rate risks and avoid risks. There is a fundamental negative impact of RMB appreciation on textile export. Textile products have been the number one of Chinas exports for a long time.Until 2005, textile trade surplus is still higher than the entire foreign trade surplus.The textile industry has always been the backbone of chinas export trade,industry export dependence up to 50%.However,most of the textile exports are based on low labor cost and price advantage,the profit margins is not high. According to the calculations from Chinas first textile website, if RMB appreciate 1%, the then the amount of textile industry sales would fall 2% to 6%.From January to October 2006,the overall profit margin of Chinas textile exports is 3.9%, if the speculation was right, then 5% of appreciation of RMB,and the textile industry profit margins will drop 10% at least. Therefore, if RMB appreciate more than 10%, it will cause an obviously impact on textile industry.However, some low-tech enterprises will quit this industry under this low profit export siutation, forcing the textile companies to enhance the added value of products,construct brand concept, improve their core competitiveness.In the long run, in order to improve Chinas textile industrys competitiveness in the international market,Chinese government must catching this good opportunity of good economy development trend in china,using the large amount of international surplus,and start the structural adjustment in the textile industry. The growth of most raw material products export will be slowed.The majority of chinas raw materials export products have less competitive in price,and has strong dependence on the exchange rate.For example, paper, cotton, ferrous metal(steel, crude steel, manganese,etc.), aluminum,lignin ornament and so on.RMB appreciation will make these primary products, raw materials products exports growth to slow down,also have a negative impact on economic growth in the short-term.RMB appreciation will also reduce the amount of export of crude oil, refined oil, timber, copper, gold and other resource-based goods,then it will cause the rate of unemployment and the banks bad debts increase,and other related effect. [5] Because china do not have too much resource which normally used in high energy and high-polluting industries. The excessive export of resource products will increase intense contradictions in using coal and gas in a short time.It will increase the pressure of environment and resour ce, which is not good for the sustainable development of economy in the long-term. The electrical appliance industry will suffer lots of loss for export.Chinas electrical appliances has the Comparative advantage due to the relatively low-cost,so that China has become an important production base for the home appliances giants.Sales of appliances industry is mainly depend on the international market,and export has become a major demand source for household appliances industry.The RMB appreciation a tremendous negative impact on the electrical appliances products export,cause its low profit margins drops further. If the exchange rate of the Yuan appreciate rapidly,then the impact on export and import growth may not be so mild. First, the export growth rate may result in significant downturn,then there will be big shock not only for the resource,low price and the low value-added goods, but also for the whole export processing industry.Secon,it possible to stimulates the large quantities of goods imported, impact the chinas domestic markets and cause a certain deflation. Finally,it will be the psychological effect on people from the impact of trade.The production cost will transfer to the price on the international market,so the exchange rate appreciation will not affect too much for this kind of products profits.The appreciation of the RMB increase the international enterprises cost in china,but these enterprises have relative cost advantage in the international market,which has the minimal impact on the international traders profit. However,the normal people will think that the price of made in china has increased a lot as the appreciation of RMB,and the business people will think that they could not earn much money from china imported products,thus it will cause real adverse effects for Chinese exports. Chapter 3 The marco countermeasure of RMB Appreciation on Import and Export 3.1 The adjustment of marco financial policy about RMB appreciation Firstly,Chinese government should expand the government expenditure and promote pull effect of chinas domestic demand on economic development.In recent years,due to the investment scale on iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, real estate has grew fast,and has caused the price of upstream products and raw materials rose too high,for instance,the price of electricity, oil and transportation has became extremely high. Although the investment is better than the consume for economic growth,but in the composition of chinas domestic demand that investment must be under control.Therefore,the stimulating domestic demand policy should be focus on consumption.But the income gap between the rich people and poor people in china which make many people can not afford some consumption even they want to consume. Since that it is difficult for the common people to consume more in short run, therefore,the important task of expanding domestic demand should be taken by Government.Since a long t ime, why the Chinas consumption is always weak,not only because government consumption expenditure is not high,but also because social security system does not work very well for the consumers.Therefore,china must reform their public finance expenditure patterns,under the situation which the whole social investment is overheat,the financial expenditure should be changed from investment to consumption,and the financial expenditure should withdraw from the competitive field of investment as soon as possible,then put more financial resource on the public goods.Therefore,the writer think the public expenditure should be invested in the following key areas:First,the manufacturing industry which can support development of the economy for a long time;Second, increase the government financial expenditure on health systerm,old-age pension and social security welfare,in order to reduce the peoples long-term financial budget and saving,then they can expand their consumption;Third,the governmen t should decrease the farmers burdens and handle the problem of agriculture,farmer and rural area well. Secondly,china must adjust the consumption tax,reduce the export tax rebate rate and the trade surplus.At present,China is still in economic transition,there is still a large gap between china and other developed countries,and social security level is still very low.Meanwhile, because the economic opening time is short which is only more than 30 years,the influence of traditional culture on enterprise and consumer is still large,and the relationship between investment and consumption is quite conservative,an

Philosophy Statement :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Essays

Philosophy Statement Throughout my entire life there has always been one thing that has remained constant—there has always been some sort of teacher in my life. During my academic career, there have been teachers that I have liked and a few that I have disliked, but I have always respected them for what they accomplish on a day-to-day basis. It never occurred to me until my second year of college that I could also be a teacher. I have always participated in activities that stressed leadership, I have been a mentor for numerous children through 4-H and other youth programs. In a way I have been teaching my entire life, but I had never realized it until now. My classroom will be a place to learn and a place to develop social skills. It will include brightly colored and informational bulletin boards and seating that will depend on the classroom activity at the time. There will hopefully be at least three computers in the classroom and lots of resource and research materials available not only for me, the teacher, but also for the students. Throughout the school year projects will be assigned that will be relevant to the topic being studied at that time. As the school year progresses, projects will also be displayed around the room. Hopefully these will serve to inspire the students to learn and research new ideas on their own. The philosophy that I believe I am most similar too is John Dewey’s philosophy of Progressivism. Like Dewey I also believe that â€Å"one constant truth about the universe is the existence of change†. This is something that is not uncontrollable. As humans change their relationship with the environment that is being changed, they will change and be made different, and theoretically better, by the experience. I believe that change is very important in a classroom because one class of students is very dissimilar from another class. The teacher should be flexible so they are able to effectively teach all types of children. One of my goals would be to have my students be free-thinking and intellectual members of society. Education is a chance to utilize past experiences and to apply it to a new experience.

Lord of the Flies by William Goldings: Keywords Essay

Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 as William Goldings debut novel. It was written and set around the time of the Second World War. The keywords in the essay title are ‘order’ and ‘deteriorates, therefore in this essay I intend to look at first how order is established and will then show how order deteriorates. I will do this by looking at the individual episodes and themes throughout the book that I believe show law and order. Lord of the Flies is a novel about a group of boys aged between five and twelve, who survived a plane crash during their evacuation from England. They crash on a small tropical island. The story begins with Ralph and Piggy getting to know each other. The topic of class then becomes apparent, Piggy is very ‘working class’ and has a strong cockney accent, and whereas Ralph is middle class and uses more sophisticated language but they are both of similar intelligence. Ralph begins to think of what may lie ahead of them and says, ‘No grown ups!’ (P12), this is the boy’s first realisation that they are alone and have complete freedom, however what will happen now that there are no adults? After a while a large group is formed, off all the boys from the plane, the choir all in black capes led by Jack come across the beach all marching together. This symbolises order, they are all wearing the same outfit of the same colour and mimicking each other and there is an obvious and strong leader whom they are following and obeying. The choir could also represent a presence of danger on the island as they have a sinister uniform and the contrast o f the black uniforms against the white sands is strong. Ralph finds a conch, which to the group means whoever has the conch may speak this shows that leaders and order are trying to be created. Ralph uses the conch to assemble the boys for a meeting to decide who will be leader. Jack, the head boy, feels he should be chief as he is older and has a position of responsibility within the choir, ‘I’m chapter chorister and head boy, I can sing a C sharp’ (pg 29) jack seems arrogant and immediately assumes he will be leader. There is a democratic vote and Ralph is made leader. Ralph however realises he needs to work together with Jack not against him and says, ‘Jacks in charge of the choir, they can be†¦what do you want them to be?’ (Pg 31), jack decides they will be hunters. The whole process is very democratic and mature, and with the absence of parents the boys are trying to bring in order and discipline and by choosing a leader they are creating a parental figure that they can look up to. The conch has by this point become a symbol of order and to speak at a meeting one must hold the conch. Ralph then selects jack to go and explore the island with him, this is an attempt at sharing the role of leader and is a friendly gesture to try and remove any bad feelings for each other. Ralph also chooses Simon to take with him, Simon is a member of the choir and earlier in the novel fainted, Ralph chooses Simon to show he is fair and sympathetic. Ralph leaves Piggy to collect the names of the other boys. As the bots explore the island there are many subtle references to the outside world, ‘Like a bomb!’ (Pg 37) this is an ironic reference to the real atomic bomb, which occurred in 1945. They also give a hint of religion or god, ‘The coral was scribbled into the sea as though a giant had bent down†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Pg 38) this is like god being the creator of nature and moulding the land it also poses the question, how long will this paradise last after the arrival of the boys. It was mentioned earlier that Jack chose to make the choir the hunters, the hunting brings the boys together in a positive and constructive way, it relieves boredom and it is a focus for the boys. It also brings a stable food supply to the boys, and makes everyone feel they have a role to play on the island. But why are they hunting? There are plenty of berries to keep everyone happy and healthy, it may possibly be due to freedom from parents and rules that makes them want to hunt for the pigs or maybe because its what they have read in books or heard stories of and hunting is what they believe they should do. The next theme that represents order on the island is the fire on the mountain. The group assemble at the end of the day, ‘the choir, noticeably less of a group had discarded their cloaks’ (pg 42) this represents the group working together and order being present now within the whole group and them becoming equals. Ralph starts to develop their plans for rescue and takes on well his role of leader, he also boasts about his father, ‘My fathers in the navy. He said there aren’t any unknown islands left†¦and sooner or later a ship will put in here. It might even be daddy’s ship,’ (pg 49), he is showing off to the other boys that are mostly younger than him, he is trying to earn their respect and be seen by them as a good and strong leader. He is obviously quite intelligent as he decides they need to build a fire on the mountain so that passing ships will see the smoke. The boys were really keen, there was riot and noise, the novelty and rules with the conch had been forgotten and now the idea of building the fire. They worked as a team to collect leaves and logs and completed the fire. I am now going to talk about how order first starts to deteriorate, and what first starts the breakdown of order on the island. After the fire has been made, it was figured out then that they could use Piggy’s glasses to light the it, they wrestled him for them, ‘Here let me go! His voice rose to a shriek of terror’ (pg 53) this incident shows possibly a mob nature emerging, they have become so obsessed with the fire now that they have lost all sense of order. Ralph holds the conch and says, ‘ We need special people for looking after the fire,’ (pg 55), and this shows that there is a hierarchy or ‘pecking order’ beginning to develop on the island; Ralph is taking control by deciding who is special and who is not. The fire rages out of control, it spreads and sets light to the trees and creepers on the island, ‘Beneath the capering boys a quarter of a mile square of forest was savage with smoke and flame’ (pg 57). One of the small boys dies, Golding never named him he is only ever referred to as ‘the boy with the birthmark’ the boys reflect on the boys death, ‘The crowd was as silent as death,’ (pg 60) this is using strong irony because of course there had actually been a death. I think the boy is never named so that he isn’t seen as a real person and therefore is almost seen as a symbol, a symbol of control and order he dies, therefore control is seen to die with him. The fire also symbolises control, and it raging out of control represents the feeling of order on the island raging out of control. Its almost as if the fire and order on the island mirror each other throughout the book, order is built up, the fire is built, order begins to lose control, the fire rages out of control; the fire is an extended metaphor. The beast is discussed at a meeting at it unsettles a lot of the boys and is the, the beast is seen as something beyond their control and therefore Jack and Ralph really don’t want to believe its real. The boys reassure each other that it’s not real, but inside every one of them there is doubt. Following this meeting and the fire incident shelters are built on the beach, I think they symbolise the boys protecting themselves from the fire and the beast. It also shows them trying to create a civilisation, and trying to create home. Jack becomes obsessed with hunting; he desperately wants to catch a pig so that he can be seen as fulfilling and being successful in his role on the island as leader of the hunters. He also wants to succeed in hunting to show Ralph that he is a success and earn respect from the boys and possibly even take their attention from Ralph and make them see him as being the natural leader. Jack fails to catch a pig for the second time he is not used to dealing with animals and definitely not used to killing them. Him and Ralph argue as they both have different priorities on the island Jack’s is hunting and meat, ‘We Want Meat’ (pg 65), and Jacks priorities are the shelters and keeping the fire alight, ‘We need shelters’, (pg 65). Ralph’s ultimate goal is rescue and to do this they need the fire so Ralph’s idea is definitely the better one. The argument they have over this shows that there is fierce competition between the boys, and while they are busy fighting and competing for control, order and control is actually being lost. Jack takes all of the choir or the hunters as they are now known off on a hunt; he is determined to catch a pig. Therefore while they are hunting there is no one tending the fire. Ralph checked the fire from the beach, its almost as if he was checking up on Jack, and he realises it is producing almost no smoke. He tells Jack but he is distracted by his plans for catching a pig Ralph gets annoyed, ‘I was talking about the smoke! Don’t you want to be rescued? All you can talk about is pig, pig, pig!’ (Pg 68). Hunting gives the boys power over life and death, and as their lives are out of their hands it gives them back a feeling of control. Jack introduces camouflage to his team of hunters, they paint their faces with mud, charcoal and clay they go off to hunt with Jack’s plan. Painting their faces represents them going feral and going back to nature, ‘For hunting like in the war – like things trying to look like something else’ (pg 79). It creates the feeling of a gang or tribe, all working together and it makes them quite aggressive. The paint hides their faces but it also hides their individuality and identity and gives them an excuse to kill, they mould into one great gang. A while later they return from the hunt and it was a success they killed a pig, ‘We hit the pig – I fell on top, there were lashings of blood,’ (pg 87). Jack is so proud of the result and boasts to Ralph and the boys expecting a positive response, Ralph is angry and really doesn’t want to talk about the hunt all he wants to talk about is the fire going out. A ship had sailed past without stopping on the island, due to the fire going out Jack had taken all of the boys on the hunt, ‘We had to have them for the hunt, or there wouldn’t have been enough for the ring,’ (pg 87). The boys see it as that was their only chance for rescue and all hope is lost. Piggy is really frustrated and angry with Jack, ‘You didn’t ought to have let that fire go out, You said you would keep the smoke going,’ (pg 89), Jack got angry and lifted Piggys glasses ff his face and threw them on the rocks. Piggy has been the main source of intelligence on the island and is the one staying very controlled and organised, but without his glasses he cannot use his intelligence. The group is slowly splitting into two the hunters, which are Jack and the choir, and the others which still go by the rules of the conch, which are Piggy, Ralph and the younger boys who build the shelters and try and manage the fire. Ralph calls for a meeting, he outlined all the concerns he has been having, he doesn’t really want to direct this at the whole group I think he is just trying to get his point across to Jack and by holding a meeting he is showing that he is the leader and he makes the decisions. His five issues he brings up at the meeting are, fresh water, shelter, lavatory area, fire to burn constantly and to deal with the beast. Ralph tells the group that the fire is the key to being rescued, ‘How can we ever be except by luck, if we don’t keep a fire going? Is a fire too much for us to make?’ (Pg 101) throughout his time on the island he has remained focused and not got carried away by hunting or another pointless craze, he is intelligent and knows the fire is their only chance, ‘You’ve got to make fire up there or die,’ (pg 101). He then moves on talk about the beast at which point Jack joins in, Jack believes that the beast is just in peoples minds and that they’ve created it. Maybe with absence of secure homes and adult figures to look after the children they fear that they are not protected and so they create scenarios in their heads. Ralph is unsure about the beast but he cannot let the group be scared he tries to convince them that there is no beast on the island, ‘Course there isn’t a beast in the forest. How could there be?’ (Pg 104). The beast is still on the minds of everyone and when the twins Sam and Eric are tending the fire, they catch sight of what they believe is the beast. ‘They became motionless gripped in each others arms, four unwinking eyes aimed and two mouths open,’ (pg 122). Everyone is thinking about the beast and their minds are probably playing tricks on them and with the heat, lack of water and pure insanity of the situation its no surprise that they aren’t going to be thinking straight or logically. The twins alert the group and Ralph calls an assembly immediately and it is decided that Jack is going to hunt the beast, ‘This’ll be a real hunt, who’ll come?’ (Pg 125). Jack, Ralph and the hunters went to search for the beast, they don’t find it, but while searching the island Jack finds a spot which he thinks would be great for a for fort. Him and the hunters move away from the rest of the group and live on the other side of the island; this is where order is absolutely destroyed. The two natural leaders are now enemies; one is focused on rescue the other turning savage. Jacks and his group of hunters form into a tribe and tempted by hunting and feasting and not having to work many of Ralph’s group join Jack’s. Ralph’s group are still aiming towards rescue and stand for order and fairness but being the smaller less powerful group they are at a huge disadvantage. Its becoming war between two armies and Jack is still trying to prove that he is leader, and trying to take the control and power. The newly formed tribe spend the evening doing a ritualistic tribal dance, they paint their faces and its like a re-enactment of the time when they succeeded in killing the pig, and its also like a build up to the war between the two sides and a build up to the killing of the beast. Ralph approached Jack and his tribe and asked him to hunt for the beast with him, ‘I’m going up the mountain to look for the beast, coming?’ (Pg 148). This is a huge test and Ralph’s desperately trying to keep the group together because he knows that he cant make any changes or achieve any of his goals on his own, such as keeping the fire alight and building shelters. Jack agrees to go with Ralph, Roger went with them too as they walked through the forest they were picking up on every sound and every thing they saw, which shows they were on edge and frightened. They crawled on there hands and knees towards a figure, ‘there was confusion in the darkness and the creature lifted its head, holding towards them a ruin of a face,’ (pg 153), throughout the hunt Jack and Ralph are competing for power and control, courage and leadership, ‘if you don’t want to go on,† said the voice sarcastically â€Å"I’ll go on my own’ (pg 149) this is what Jack said to Ralph, neither of them wanted to make fools out of themselves or give the other any clue of how scared they were. They call what they found a beast and it was actually the pilot from the plane that crashed on the island, he was wearing a parachute and when the wind blew it pulled the figure making it seem like it was moving. They were terrified and fled from the figure almost immediately. War is now declared between Jack and Ralph after an argument they had after they found the ‘beast’, ‘I’m going off by myself. He can catch his own pigs. Anyone who wants to hunt when I do can come too,’ (pg 158). After this the divide is definite and there is no going back. Along with the hunters Roger and Bill go onto Jack’s side, Ralph’s group concentrated on the fire and didn’t notice Simon wandering off into the vegetation. Simon is seen as a Christ like image in this part he has gone into the quiet and tried to get away and reflect on the situation. I really don’t think he wants to take anyone’s side and doesn’t want all the violence and bitterness. Jack’s side concentrate mostly on hunting but they do make a fire, only their fire is purely for dancing around and showing their tribal nature whereas Ralph’s fire is for purely practical and even life saving reasons. Jack plans to kill a pig and leave some for the beast to eat so that it won’t bother them; this is a very primitive and pagan ritual. Jack puts the head of the pig on a stick; it is elevated and treated as a god like creature. ‘They listened and the loudest noise was the buzzing of flies over the spilled guts,’ (pg 169) this is why the book is named ‘Lord of the Flies’ the lord is the pig. To the boys the lord of the Flies represents their whole reasons and achievements on the island, which is the hunting. The use of the animal a pig is to mirror Piggy, they are both exploited for the groups own needs and the group see both the animal and the boy as dirty, common and coarse. Golding also uses pigs because they are mammals and therefore are similar to humans and hunting pigs is linked and similar to killing humans. Simon is still alone in the forest and he comes across the ‘Lord of the Flies’ he hallucinates it may possibly have been an epileptic fit or maybe a spiritual awakening. In Simon’s hallucination the ‘lord of the Flies’ talks to him, ‘There isn’t anyone to help you, only me, and I’m the beast,’ (pg177), the links between the beast and the pig is, they have both distracted the boys and therefore affected the rescue attempt with the fire and they are both hunted by the boys and when Simon becomes conscious he finds the parachutist they both are covered in flies. Simon realises it’s the dead pilot and realises there is nothing to fear. Simon walks towards where Jack’s camp is; he wants to tell them that the beast isn’t real. Jack and his tribe had painted their bodies and were re-enacting the murder of ‘Lord of the Flies’ they were shouting, acting dancing and were really carried away, ‘Do our dance! Come on! Dance!’ (Pg 88). They had made a chant which they bellowed as they danced, ‘Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!’ (Pg 188). Jack spotted Simon and the whole grouped moved in on him thinking he was the beast they crowded round him with sticks and spears and stones, ‘the beast was on its knees in the centre, its arms folded over its face’ (pg 188) it wasn’t the beast it was Simon they continued to beat the ‘beast’ until there was no movement. The hunters killed Simon, they were so carried away with the tribal or mob nature they let it take over them and made them murderers. In the book Simon was always neutral he ne ver took sides and was the only person who didn’t get swept away with all the conflict, he was like the small bit of purity on the island, and this made him the Christ like character. Now on Ralph’s side there is just Piggy, Sam and Eric, Piggy and Ralph speak about the occurrences of the night before, Piggy says, ‘there was that – that bloody dance. There was lightning and thunder and rain we was scared,’ (pg 193). Only Piggy recognises what really happened and that was murder. Jack and his hunters attack Ralph and Piggy in there own shelter, it was all quite violent but it ended quite quickly, but Piggy’s glasses were broken and taken by Jack. I think Jack does regret what happened but he’s not going to give up the war between him and Ralph, he wants to keep control and he’s not going to back down. Ralph and Piggy sum up all the crimes that Jack has committed, ‘at night and in darkness, and stole our fire, they stole it,’ (pg 209). He has also killed pigs unnecessarily, killed Simon and stolen Piggy’s glasses. Ralph and Piggy decide to go to Jack’s side of the island with Sam and Eric too, when they reached Jack’s area Ralph called for an assembly obviously with no results because Jack is their leader they don’t take orders from Ralph any more. Roger begins the attack he throws stones from above Ralph’s group, but aims to miss. ‘I’ve come to see about the fire and about Piggy’s specs Ralph said,’ (pg 216) all he received was laughter. Ralph confronted Jack and left Piggy below near the bottom of the cliff. Ralph and Jacks argument gets quite physical but Ralph defends himself well, he is trying to be strong but he is now the minority and although he carries the name of leader he really isn’t any more. Piggy tried to speak but he was being aimed at with stones, ‘which is better law and rescue, or hunting and breaking things up’ (pg222) I think this statement sums up the book, Piggy is really quite intelligent and even with all the panic, excitement and hysteria he can see through that and spot the underlying point. This statement enrages Roger and he levers a huge boulder off of the top of the cliff and it hits Piggy, he was killed. By this point Jack is used to seeing death he has no reaction to this, his compassion for people has gone consumed by his tribal nature and devoted to hunting. With Piggy the conch was also smashed and so have Piggy’s glasses been broken, the conch represented purity, control and order and now that Piggy has gone those things have gone too. Now that Piggy is dead, Ralph hasn’t got his intelligent partner and the glasses represented his intelligence and they have been smashed too, will Sam and Eric stand by him or will he be on his own? Both the deaths of Piggy and all of the pigs have been pointless and the victims have all been helpless this shows strong irony. Sam and Eric do join the savages because they know that is their only chance of survival if they stayed with Ralph they would be hunted down and killed too, Ralph is now alone. All that awaits him is to be hunted like one of the pigs, hunted down and killed like an animal. It would be another pointless murder of an innocent and helpless victim. He is no threat to Jack now; he is alone so Jack is only hunting him to show that he is leader now and that he holds all the power and control. He goes to try and talk to Sam and Eric he finds them and they tell him to hide, get away and hide because they are going to hunt him down tomorrow. He goes to Castle Rock where Jacks tribe are the next day, they hurl a boulder off the cliff at him in an attempt to kill him, and they try again with another stone it misses again but only by inches. Jack and the hunters made a fire now in an attempt to smoke him out, the metaphor of the fire is used again, and the fire gets out of control just like the order on the island has. The fire rages out of control, Ralph escapes and runs as fast as he can to the beach where he stumbles upon a naval officer. Ralph is a strong person and he survived being hunted, his only goal all the way through was rescue and close to his last minutes of life his wish comes true. In conclusion, in the beginning of the story the boys try to mimic the order the experienced at home with parents and school, partly because of their immaturity and inexperience and partly due to Jack and Ralph’s fight for control order is not kept and this is symbolised by the conch and the fire. Jack becomes the dominant force on the island purely due to his brutality and violence, in the end they are even prepared to kill jack, the only remaining sign of order on the island.

Atmosphere and Setting

The novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, follows the protagonist Changez’ journey through American business fundamentalism. Hamid utilises a plethora of surroundings that convey specific feelings, throughout the novel to heighten the emotions felt by Changez. This is first evident through New York City’s drastic change from optimistic to hostile, following the 9/11 attacks, which correlates with Changez understanding himself. Further as Changez is through his travels exposed to difference countries such as Greece and the Philippines, he becomes aware of the disparity between Americans and himself.This eventually leading him back to Lahore where he is disgusted to realise that he has become a â€Å"foreigner†. Shortly after . time in Valpariso ultimately leaves him disenchanted with American. Hamid creates such environments and atmospheres to amplify Changez conflicting beliefs about his place in America and Pakistan. The changes in atmosphere and s etting of New York City, mirror Changez changing attitude towards America and his identity in the milieu of New York City.Before the 9/11 attacks New York is depicted as a society that is diverse, modern and full of opportunity. The city itself exudes a feeling of encouragement and optimistic, welcoming individuals of all cultures. Hamid portrays, the city like this to consequently allow Changez, the protagonist to feel as though he belongs. Changez feel at home, in New York because of the taxi drivers speaking Urdu, the Punjab deli and his skin colour falling â€Å"in the middle of the colour spectrum†. He remarks that he â€Å"never [felt] like an American†, but â€Å"immediately [felt like] a New Yorker.To Changez, New York offers him an opportunity to achieve the â€Å"American dream†, it made â€Å"everything possible†. It is because of these specific feelings that Changez experiences towards New York City, that he is infatuated with America. Howeve r after 9/11 New York becomes of city of patriotism and paranoia, much more seclusive and guarded. At this point in the novel, Changez has begun to see the inhumanity of the pragmatic and materialistic America that he has accepted. Hamid, changes the atmosphere of New York, to further amplify Changez' dislike for America.Changez feels as through the city is saying â€Å"We are America-not New York†, making him uncertain of his place, as he never really felt like an â€Å"American†. In addition, New York's tense atmosphere provokes rumours of racism: Pakistani cab drivers being beaten†¦.. the FBI raiding mosques†¦ Muslim men.. disappearing. As a result this atmosphere makes Changez feel uncomfortable and unsure about where he stands in America. Changez time in Greece and the Manila provides the perfect enviorment for him to become increasingly aware of the disparity between Americans and himself.Hamid's use of Greece is significant, due to its laid back, relax ing atmosphere that juxtaposes against New York. This provides the ideal environment to stimulate Changez' American companions, to exhibit their preconceived American superiority. Changez becomes aware of the â€Å"ease at which they parted with money†, and their â€Å"self righteousness†, as though they were part of the â€Å"ruling class†. He becomes increasing attentive of this self satisfaction that American's carry with them. Further, Hamid uses Manila because of its similarity to Pakistan and its idolisation of Americans.Thus, Changez finds that, â€Å"it was one thing to accept that New York was more wealthy than Lahore, but quite another to swallow the fact that Manila was as well†. This setting evokes pride and jealousy in Changez. Hence, he attempts to â€Å"act and speak†¦. more like an American†¦ [he] wanted [his] share of that respect†. Despite his belief that his â€Å"Pakistaniness was invisible†, the glare that he r eceives from a driver of a jeppney, with its â€Å"undisguised hostility†, shakes Changez. He consequently realises, that this driver has seen through him and this once again makes him feel as though he is betraying Pakistan.The atmosphere in Lahore and Valparaiso plays an important role in concreting Changez disenchantment with America. When Changez first returns back to Lahore, he notices â€Å"how shabby [his] house appeared†, he was â€Å"saddened to find it in such a state† and ashamed that this was where he had come from. Hamid creates such an atmosphere to act as crucial for Changez’ realization of who he has become. Soon after Changez releases that his surroundings had not changed since his departure, he â€Å"had changed†. He realises that he, † was looking†¦ ith the eyes of a foreigner†¦. [of] that particular type of entitled and unsympathetic American†. This setting forces Changez to become aware of his new identity and question his loyalty to Pakistan. Changez feels as though he is â€Å"abandon[ing] his people†. Upon realising this, he begins to appreciate his home’s â€Å"enduring grandeur† and â€Å"rich†¦ history†. Furthermore, Hamid chooses Valparaiso as the next crucial setting because Changez associates the city with Pakistan, hence feeling more comfortable there.The city's decline as a great port reminds Changez of Lahore. Therefore he is able to trust the chief of the publishing company, Juan Bautisa. Thus, when Juan-Bautisa tells Changez of the janissaries', Changez is able to realise that he has become,† a servant of the American empire when it was invading a country of kinship to mine†. This setting and atmosphere provides the vital catalyst that convinces Changez that he no longer belongs in America. He now knows that his â€Å"days of focusing on the fundamentals were done†.Hamid uses particular settings and atmospheres in his novel, to provoke his protagonist Changez to feel certain emotions and act accordingly. The environments prove to be crucial in how the plot unfolds as they are all are essential in influencing Changez subsequent actions. The changes of New York City's welcomeness, his observations in Greece and his sense of comfort in Valparaiso all affect Changez emotionally. Overall, had the novel not used such specific surroundings, Changez feelings may have not been realised to their full intensity.

Child Abuse and Protective Environment Essay Example

Child Abuse and Protective Environment Essay Example Child Abuse and Protective Environment Paper Child Abuse and Protective Environment Paper Sexual abuse has many different views on it, t could be speaking to someone in an explicit way, expose them to pornography, or may expose their private areas to them. Neglect is the most common reported form Of child abuse. An example Of neglect is when parents do not feed, clothe, or clean their child. Another example is when parents may fail to care for their childs basic physical, emotional, disciplinary, and/or educational needs. And shaken baby syndrome, it could happen to babies and very small children, it happens when parents or guardian violently hakes them, which causes fractured bones, organ injuries, and severe brain damage, and for the ones who survive are often left with mental disabilities. 2. What types of physical care must a parent provide an infant child? The types of physical care a parent must provide to their infant child are being bathed, keeping them on a clean diaper, and having the baby dressed and fed. . What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress? Some strategies that could help a child cope with stress are helping the child figure UT ways to solve their problems, learn what is causing the child to stress, avoid taking frustration out on child, and creating a violent free home. Critical Thinking Questions 1 . What is the difference between a protective environment and nurturing environment? The differences between a protective environment and a nurturing environment is the protecting environment is where the child is protected from violence and abuse, while the nurturing environment is where you have to do more than protect the child form violence and danger, you also have to pay attention to your childs physical and emotional needs. 2. How does a child needs change as they grow through development stages from infancy to teen years? How do special needs children differ? Childrens needs change when they become Older because, they are experiencing new things as they age and when your younger you dont have anything to worry about because you dont understand the world and teens they are older and more mature and knows a little about themselves. Special needs children fifer because they will need attention 24/7 because they have different needs from the rest of us.